Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Enhancement of gemcitabine toxicity and specificity through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway inhibition in pancreatic cancer

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1724989

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-administration of gemcitabine and BD B10 inhibited tumour progression by reducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Panc1 cells. EMT progression was analysed using multiple methods: (a) Migration assay was performed by seeding treated Panc1 cells in 8 µm transwell chambers for 24 h incubation. Migrated cells were observed and imaged using bright-field microscopy at 100x magnification, n = 3. Additionally, Migrated cells were quantified using ImageJ to perform cell counts in each treatment group. (b) The relative mRNA expression of E-cadherin , N-cadherin , and vimentin levels in Panc1 cells were measured by RT-qPCR, n = 10. (c) protein expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin levels in Panc1, n = 4. GAPDH was shown for equivalency of loading. (d) The protein quantification of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin were made using Image J. (e) Immunofluorescence staining of vimentin (n = 3) and N-cadherin (n = 2) were visualised using fluorescence microscopy. Images were captured at 200x magnification (scale bar = 50 µm). (f) Fluorescence intensity of vimentin and N-cadherin were quantified and normalised to DAPI using Image J. Data were analysed using GraphPad Prism, with results expressed as mean ± SEM. Comparisons between treatment groups were evaluated using one-way ANOVA to determine statistical significance (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Migrated cells were visualised and imaged in four representative fields per chamber using bright-field microscopy (Olympus BX63).

Techniques: Migration, Incubation, Microscopy, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence